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Working Papers
ICCR Working Papers are intended to provide information and encourage discussion on a topic in advance of formal publication. They represent the view of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or approval of the sponsors.
ICCR Working Paper 201
RTD Cooperation Activities of EU/EEA Countries with the Central and Eastern European and Baltic States in the Field of Scientific and Technological Research
Authors: Ronald J. Pohoryles, Liana Giorgi & Peter Biegelbauer
Abstract:
Based on data from 1996/1997, this paper reports on the degree and profile of RTD co-operation activities between EU/EEA countries and the Central and East European and Baltic States. Over 100 m ECU was spent in 1996 on RTD co-operation with the CEBS at the bilateral level. The biggest share – around 50 per cent – was absorbed by Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic and channelled exchange programmes, fellowships and networking activities, in part also the funding of joint research projects. As the accession process progresses, it is expected that multi-lateral co-operation in the framework of European programmes will increase in significance.
ICCR Working Paper 202
Co-operation of EU/EEA Countries with the newly independent States of the Former Soviet Union
Authors: Liana Giorgi & Ronald J. Pohoryles
Based on the data from 1996/1997, this paper reports on the degree and profile of RTD co-operation activities between EU/EEA countries and the NIS at the bilateral level. Around 70 m ECU was spent in 1996 by the EU/EEA countries, together, on the RTD co-operation activities with the NIS. The biggest share of this money – 70 per cent – was spent on the financing of exchange, study visits and fellowship programmes. In supporting individual scientists in a period of transition, this person-oriented strategy seeks to arrest (internal) brain drain and thus protect and upgrade the scientific human capital of the NIS.
ICCR Working Paper 204
Structural Analysis of the Austrian Urban System
Authors: Roman Tronner & Ronald J. Pohoryles
This Working Paper provides detailed information as to the facts of the current state of the national urban system. It also details two parts of development. First land use patterns since 1945 and second patterns of interaction between ICT and various aspects of urban life. Further does it include results of socio-spatial Typologies of Cities; proposal to selected cities for the case studies as well as a bibliography.
ICCR Working Paper 205
We Have It, We Like It, We Need It... But Miracles We Don't Expect: Results of a Quantitative Survey of Cities and ICTs in Austria
Authors: Angelika Kofler & Ronald J. Pohoryles (With the Assistance of Johannes Redl)
This report analyses and interprets the results gained from the quantitative survey of urban development in relationship to information and communication technologies (ICTs) in Austrian cities.
ICCR Working Paper 301
Environmental Governance: Issues of Power and Policy-Making in Sustainable Regional Development
Author: Gerald Berger
The focus of this paper is the application of the concept of governance in environmental policy-making. First, the paper discusses the current theoretical discourse on governance and looks at how governance is framed within EU policy-making documents. Second, it discusses these more theoretical aspects within the field of sustainable regional development. Regions are identified as a very appropriate level for sustainable development and related issues of policy-making. A special focus will be the EU Structural Funds regulations and how they promote the uptake of sustainable development policies on a regional level. The paper aims at contributing to the scientific debate on sustainable regional development by including the concept of power to analyse governance strategies in environmental policy-making. The main argument is that without taking into account concepts of power and influence in governance strategies we will not be able to understand political structures and processes. As these structures and processes frame policy fields (like environmental policy) it is necessary to acknowledge an uneven distribution of power and influence between different institutions and actors.
ICCR Working Paper 401
Understanding Accessibility in Transport Policy
Author: Steven Ney
Accessibility is a key concept in transport policy-making. Yet it is an ill-defined and multi-faceted concept. Understanding the role the term accessibility plays in transport policy deliberations means that we come to grips with two dimensions of transport policy-making: first, the different possible uses of the term, and, second, the socio-institutional policy contexts in which policy actions apply the idea of accessibility. A discourse analysis shows that there are three ideal-typical policy discourses in the transport debate. The first, the classical planning view, defines accessibility as economic growth. The second favours a market-based approach to solving transport problems: accessibility here is a function of efficient market transactions. The third, holistic view rails against both of the other two: here, accessibility stands for the exploitation of the weak by the strong. Since these socio-institutional discourses are inherently normative and since transport is a complex and highly uncertain policy domain, conflict in transport policy debates is inevitable and endemic.
ICCR Working Paper 403
Transport Policy and Research, What Future?
Authors: Ronald J. Pohoryles & Liana Giorgi
The paper illustrates the use of the Delphi survey technique method for establishing a consultation procedure among members of the transport community across Europe. Two theses are explored: the first, the scope and barriers to research exploitation of European transport research; second, the trends in transport policy-making at European level. The results show that there is a considerable convergence of opinion on the priorities of transport policy as well as on the problems and challenges being faced; but that a better science and policy interaction is necessary to overcome barriers to research exploitation in policy-making.
ICCR Working Paper 405
The DECODE Method for Strategic Transport Assessment
Authors: Liana Giorgi & Annuradha Tandon
The aim of this deliverable is to outline the DECODE method developed by the project CODE-TEN. The DECODE method is a strategic policy assessment tool that can be used to assess the impacts of large infrastructure programmes. It is scenario-led and combines information on socio-economic developments, policy developments and infrastructure strategies to produce images of the future transport system. These are, in turn, assessed at the strategic level – particular attention is paid to the indirect and long-term impacts.
ICCR Working Paper 406
The Trans-European Corridors: Policy Recommendations
Authors: Liana Giorgi & Annuradha Tandon
The recommendations advanced in this document were elaborated on the basis of the findings of the CODE-TEN project, commissioned by DG-TREN in the Fourth Framework Programme. The project run in the years 1998 and 1999. The recommendations rely primarily on the results of the case studies of corridor developments in Central and Eastern Europe, the assessment results using the DECODE method developed in the course of the project and discussions with relevant actors – policy owners and experts – in the various countries under study, primarily accession countries. The CODE-TEN project dealt with the extension of the Trans-European corridors in the context of transition in Central and Eastern Europe. Through strategic assessment systematised in the DECODE method, it subjected to scrutiny the main orientations in transport investment and examined those under different scenarios for socio-economic and policy development up to the year 2015.
ICCR Working Paper 407
The Theory and Practice of Evaluation
Authors: Liana Giorgi & Annuradha Tandon
The paper provides a systematic overview of the main issues and problems related to evaluation in general, and for transport in particular. The first section discusses definitions, the scope of evaluation, the role of the decision-making context and the tools for evaluation and how they can be classified. The second section reviews existing generic analytical frameworks for evaluation as advocated by national administrations or international organisations; the third section the state-of-the-art in this field in transport. Finally in the concluding part we reflect on the open questions that need to be addressed when developing an analytical framework for evaluation suitable for transport policy.
ICCR Working Paper 503
Risk of Poverty and Social Exclusion in Europe
Authors: Matthias Till
The paper presents four different approaches for describing risk: relative disposable income, income poverty, multiple deprivation and social exclusion. The data used is that of the European Community Household Panel (ECHP). The analyses show consistent results, yet the different measures display different discriminatory power. Groups most at risk of income poverty and social exclusion are single parent families, the unemployed, non-EU citizens, and households with three or more dependent children.
ICCR Working Paper 505
Erwerbstätigkeit und Markteinkommenslücke
Authors: Johannes Redl, Matthias Till & Michael Wagner-Pinter
Das österreichische Haushaltspanel zieht verstärkt die Aufmerksamkeit der sozialwissenschaftlichen Verteilungsforschung auf sich. Dabei eröffnen sich vielfältige Anwendungsbereiche, die sich nicht auf Themen der Armutsforschung beschränken.
Der folgende Beitrag zeigt, wie mit Hilfe des Haushaltspanels spezifische Richtwerte gewonnen werden können, die sich im Prinzip für ein sozialpolitisches Benchmarking des Wirtschaftsstandortes Österreich eignen.
Der Beitrag ist durch eine Kooperation des Interdisziplinären Forschungszentrums Sozialwissenschaft und der Synthesis Forschungsgesellschaft entstanden. In diesem Zusammenhang hat es sich als nützlich erwiesen, in konzeptueller Hinsicht die (auch international übliche) Terminologie des Haushaltspanels zu variieren.
ICCR Working Paper 506
Housing Conditions in Europe
Authors: Liana Giorgi, Ursula Tentschert & Dragana Avramov
The paper uses data from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) to review housing conditions in Europe. It is shown that Europe enjoys a high standard of housing stock and displays overall high levels of satisfaction with accommodation. There are nevertheless significant cleavages along both of these dimensions especially with regard to type of tenure and income class. Those who own their accommodation as well as the middle and higher income classes enjoy higher accommodation standards and are overall more satisfied than private sector and social housing tenants and/or lower income classes. This is the case in most countries and regions with a few exceptions. The exceptions are indicative of the successful housing policies, especially – but not solely – with regard to the social housing sector.
ICCR Working Paper 507
European Housing Policies Compared
Authors: Liana Giorgi, Angelika Kofler & Dragana Avramov
Across Europe there exists a wide consensus that having a home is a social right and that public authorities should ensure the respect of this right. The importance attached to housing either as a factor contributing to the quality of life or a social right explains the long-standing involvement of European states in housing policies. This paper compares the housing policies of seven European countries, namely Belgium, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Italy, Ireland and Switzerland – it considers the ideologies that guide the design of housing policy, the regional factor and trends in the home ownership, private rent and social housing sector.
ICCR Working Paper 508
Dimensions of Poverty in Austria in the Late 1990s
Authors: Michael F. Förster, Johannes Redl, Ursula Tentschert & Matthias Till
This paper provides an extensive analysis of income and consistent poverty in Austria in the late 1990s. Although citizens in Austria are less in danger of income poverty than their counterparts in most other European and OECD countries, poverty is by no means a marginal phenomenon in Austria. A fifth of the population is in a situation of financial distress at least once over a period of four years, and some 3% can be considered to be long-term income poor. On average, some 11-13% of Austrians experience income poverty and some 4-5% consistent poverty during a year in the late 1990s. Single parents without employment, long-term unemployed, Non-EU citizens, persons in working-age living in jobless households and – although to a lesser intensity – single pensioners face the highest poverty risks. Poverty rates for those groups increased relative to the entire population over the years. In general, public social transfers appeared to be an effective tool not only for reducing levels and intensity of poverty but also for shortening stays in poverty, and a slight move towards greater targeting of those transfers seemed to have happened between the mid- and the late 1990s in Austria. However, especially in view of certain groups at risk insufficiently covered and protected, well-designed and coherent policy measures are necessary to combat the phenomenon of poverty in Austria and to guarantee social inclusion for all citizens.
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Last modified:
06.10.2006
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